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clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative effects, and why headline percentages differ between two papers describing the same trial.

745 questions · sorted by votes · page 1 of 32

58 votes 3 answers37k views
Hair started shedding at month three. Does the timing tell me whether it is the drug or the weight loss?

Started tirzepatide in February. Nothing unusual until early June, when the shedding started, and it is now substantial: handfuls in the shower, hair on the pillow,…

hair-loss
hair-loss

Telogen effluvium following rapid weight loss versus a drug-attributable effect: the timing signature that distinguishes them, protein and…

50 questions
nutrition
nutrition

Eating on a suppressed appetite: hitting nutritional targets inside a small energy budget, micronutrient risk, meal structure, and what the trial…

100 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
protein-intake
protein-intake

Protein targets in grams per kilogram, per-meal distribution and the leucine threshold, and the evidence for a higher intake specifically during…

60 questions
asked by nadia_kowalczyk 20k · 2.0 years ago
55 votes 3 answers41k views
What is the actual trial incidence of nausea by agent and dose, and how comparable are the numbers?

Every summary I read says nausea is "the most common adverse event" and then quotes a single percentage, usually without saying which trial, which dose or which…

nausea
nausea

The dominant tolerability signal in every trial of the class: incidence, timing relative to a dose step, duration, and the distinction between…

55 questions
gi-side-effects
gi-side-effects

The gastrointestinal cluster as a whole - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, reflux, early satiety - with trial incidence rates, dropout…

162 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
dose-escalation
dose-escalation

The decision to move up a step: what evidence supports a four-week interval, what happens when you compress it, and how trial protocols handled…

103 questions
asked by marcus_thorbjorn 9.4k · 2.1 years ago
54 votes 3 answers41k views
What does the regain curve actually look like after stopping, and how fast does it happen?

I am going to have to stop, not by choice: my supply arrangement is ending and the alternative is not affordable for me long term. I have gone from 108 kg to 79 kg…

discontinuation
discontinuation

Stopping treatment: tapering versus abrupt cessation, what the trial withdrawal arms measured, clinically driven stops, and the practical planning…

21 questions
weight-regain
weight-regain

Regain after stopping or reducing: the trajectory reported in the withdrawal extensions, how much is fluid, and what the maintenance arms tell us…

10 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
maintenance-dose
maintenance-dose

Staying put: the lowest dose that holds a result, the difference between the maximum studied dose and the maximum useful dose, and what the…

54 questions
asked by thabo_maseko 28k · 21 months ago
53 votes 3 answers33k views
What is "food noise" mechanistically, and which brain regions is the drug actually acting on?

The phrase "food noise" is used constantly and I have never seen it defined precisely. My own experience of it was extremely specific and I would like to know what it…

food-noise
food-noise

The reduction in intrusive, appetitive thinking about food that most people on the class describe. Its likely basis in central GLP-1R signalling,…

8 questions
glp1-mechanism
glp1-mechanism

Receptor-level pharmacology: GLP-1R as a class B GPCR, cAMP and PKA signalling, biased agonism, internalisation and resensitisation, and the…

132 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
semaglutide
semaglutide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with a fatty-acid-acylated backbone and a roughly one-week half-life, marketed for type 2 diabetes and for weight…

470 questions
asked by forty_units 16k · 22 months ago
53 votes 3 answers25k views
How much of the fatigue is actually drug-attributable, and what did the placebo arms report?

I am five months in, down 16 kg, and flattened. Not sleepy, exactly. More that everything costs more than it used to: stairs, conversations, training sessions I used…

fatigue
fatigue

Tiredness on treatment: how much is energy deficit, how much is dehydration or electrolyte drift, how much is genuinely drug-attributable, and…

78 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
nutrition
nutrition

Eating on a suppressed appetite: hitting nutritional targets inside a small energy budget, micronutrient risk, meal structure, and what the trial…

100 questions
electrolytes
electrolytes

Sodium, potassium and magnesium during reduced intake and GI losses: what the symptoms of a shortfall look like, when a panel is worth drawing,…

72 questions
asked by h_villanueva 70k · 22 months ago
45 votes 4 answers19k views
How much of GLP-1 weight loss is actually lean mass, and where does the "25%" figure come from?

The claim that "about a quarter of what you lose on these drugs is muscle" gets repeated everywhere and I have never once seen it sourced. I am 14 weeks into…

lean-mass
lean-mass

Lean body mass as measured rather than assumed: what DEXA, BIA and air-displacement plethysmography each actually estimate, the body-composition…

127 questions
dexa
dexa

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: what it measures, its precision limits, why hydration state and scan positioning move the numbers, and how to…

39 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
tirzepatide
tirzepatide

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Questions here cover the SURPASS and SURMOUNT programmes, the practical differences from a pure GLP-1…

370 questions
asked by birk_nordahl 16k · 18 months ago
45 votes3 answers17k views
Why did my interest in alcohol disappear alongside the food noise, and what does that overlap tell us?

I started semaglutide for weight and something I did not expect happened: I stopped drinking, more or less by accident. I was on four or five drinks most evenings for…

food-noise
food-noise

The reduction in intrusive, appetitive thinking about food that most people on the class describe. Its likely basis in central GLP-1R signalling,…

8 questions
glp1-mechanism
glp1-mechanism

Receptor-level pharmacology: GLP-1R as a class B GPCR, cAMP and PKA signalling, biased agonism, internalisation and resensitisation, and the…

132 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
harm-reduction
harm-reduction

Reducing avoidable risk where a decision has already been made: independent verification before use, sterility practice, dose arithmetic checked…

472 questions
asked by mala_venkatesh 22k · 8 months ago
41 votes 5 answers83k views
Is 5 mg weekly a defensible maintenance dose for survodutide?

For reference: 5 mg · survodutide. I would like to define my thresholds before I have a result, for obvious reasons. I want a plan with explicit stopping rules, not…

maintenance-dose
maintenance-dose

Staying put: the lowest dose that holds a result, the difference between the maximum studied dose and the maximum useful dose, and what the…

54 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
dosing-math
dosing-math

The arithmetic itself: milligrams to millilitres to insulin units, concentration after reconstitution, dose per draw, and vial-days per vial. Show…

764 questions
survodutide
survodutide

A GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist with a substantial published MASH dataset. Use this tag for its hepatic endpoints, its dose ladder, and…

225 questions
asked by tadhg_o_riordan 7.7k · 2.2 years ago
41 votes5 answers70k views
What is the reported incidence of vomiting on retatrutide in TRIUMPH-3?

The specifics, since they change the answer: vomiting · retatrutide · TRIUMPH-3. I have the document in front of me and I can read the numbers. What I cannot do is…

vomiting
vomiting

Emesis as a reported adverse event: trial incidence, its relationship to dose escalation rate, dehydration risk, and when it stops being a…

57 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
retatrutide
retatrutide

An investigational GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor tri-agonist, studied in the TRIUMPH programme. Not approved anywhere. Use this tag for…

251 questions
asked by Dr_Aoife_Brennan 20k · 2.4 years ago
41 votes5 answers49k views
What did the placebo arm of STEP 1 report for hair thinning?

The particulars: STEP 1 · hair thinning. I have the document in front of me and I can read the numbers. What I cannot do is interpret them. I am reasonably…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
hair-loss
hair-loss

Telogen effluvium following rapid weight loss versus a drug-attributable effect: the timing signature that distinguishes them, protein and…

50 questions
asked by ines_delacruz 16k · 22 months ago
41 votes0 answers48k views
Does the SELECT population resemble anyone asking about semaglutide here?

Concretely: SELECT · semaglutide. I want to understand what this actually establishes, as opposed to what it is being used to imply. My concern is that I am being…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
harm-reduction
harm-reduction

Reducing avoidable risk where a decision has already been made: independent verification before use, sterility practice, dose arithmetic checked…

472 questions
semaglutide
semaglutide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with a fatty-acid-acylated backbone and a roughly one-week half-life, marketed for type 2 diabetes and for weight…

470 questions
asked by fill_volume 22k · 2.1 years ago
41 votes 5 answers40k views
Is there any published stability data for mazdutide at room temperature?

What I have: mazdutide · room temperature. I am asking for verification rather than opinion, ideally with something I can read myself. It is possible the evidence…

peptide-stability
peptide-stability

The chemistry of peptide degradation: deamidation, oxidation, hydrolysis, aggregation and fibrillation, and how temperature, pH, ionic strength,…

908 questions
storage
storage

Storage conditions and their evidence base: minus twenty degrees for powder, refrigerated for solution, protection from light, and what the…

701 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
mazdutide
mazdutide

A GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist developed primarily in China, with a distinct dose range and a fast-moving publication record.…

237 questions
asked by rania_haddad 13k · 21 months ago
41 votes0 answers18k views
Is there any published stability data for liraglutide at minus 20 °C?

The particulars: liraglutide · minus 20 °C. I would like to know whether this claim survives contact with evidence. If the answer is "nobody has tested that", I would…

peptide-stability
peptide-stability

The chemistry of peptide degradation: deamidation, oxidation, hydrolysis, aggregation and fibrillation, and how temperature, pH, ionic strength,…

908 questions
storage
storage

Storage conditions and their evidence base: minus twenty degrees for powder, refrigerated for solution, protection from light, and what the…

701 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
liraglutide
liraglutide

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist and the compound that established the class. Still relevant for its shorter half-life, its paediatric and…

235 questions
asked by seamus_brady 15k · 21 months ago
40 votes5 answers57k views
How do I convert the TRIUMPH-1 hazard ratio into an absolute risk reduction?

The clinician who ordered the panel was not concerned; I would still like to understand it. Please show the division. I want to check my own against yours. I would…

cardiovascular
cardiovascular

Cardiovascular outcomes: the SELECT major-adverse-event result, SOUL, SUSTAIN 6 and REWIND, how to convert a hazard ratio into an absolute risk…

68 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
dosing-math
dosing-math

The arithmetic itself: milligrams to millilitres to insulin units, concentration after reconstitution, dose per draw, and vial-days per vial. Show…

764 questions
asked by gunnar_isaksen 14k · 23 months ago
40 votes 3 answers57k views
Is there any published stability data for ecnoglutide at 2–8 °C?

The case in front of me: ecnoglutide · 2–8 °C. The claim is plausible, which is exactly why I want to check it. I am able to read a paper if someone points me at one.…

peptide-stability
peptide-stability

The chemistry of peptide degradation: deamidation, oxidation, hydrolysis, aggregation and fibrillation, and how temperature, pH, ionic strength,…

908 questions
storage
storage

Storage conditions and their evidence base: minus twenty degrees for powder, refrigerated for solution, protection from light, and what the…

701 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
ecnoglutide
ecnoglutide

A long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist with a cAMP-biased signalling profile. A niche tag, mostly used for mechanism questions about biased agonism…

223 questions
asked by p_mkhize 58k · 2.0 years ago
40 votes 4 answers52k views
What does FLOW report at the 2.4 mg dose level?

Conditions: FLOW · 2.4 mg. I would like to know the limits of what can be inferred from this. What I am trying to avoid is over-reading a single result, which I have…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
dosing-math
dosing-math

The arithmetic itself: milligrams to millilitres to insulin units, concentration after reconstitution, dose per draw, and vial-days per vial. Show…

764 questions
titration
titration

Stepwise dose increases over weeks, why the label schedules exist at all, and what tolerability-driven deviation from a schedule looks like in…

456 questions
asked by rosa_mendieta 8k · 2.0 years ago
40 votes 5 answers51k views
What is the reported incidence of constipation on oral semaglutide in PIONEER-4?

Conditions: constipation · oral semaglutide · PIONEER-4. The figures are clear enough; the question is what they mean and what they do not. I can supply the numbers…

constipation
constipation

Slowed transit as a consequence of delayed gastric emptying and reduced intake: incidence figures, fibre and hydration evidence, and why it often…

55 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
oral-glp1
oral-glp1

Oral routes for GLP-1 receptor agonism: peptide formulations rescued by absorption enhancers such as SNAC, and true small molecules that need no…

219 questions
asked by bounty_hunter_q 15k · 2.1 years ago
40 votes0 answers48k views
What does SURPASS-3 actually establish about a GLP-1 receptor agonist?

Stated plainly: SURPASS-3 · a GLP-1 receptor agonist. I would like help reading this properly rather than being told what conclusion to reach. I have the full report…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
semaglutide
semaglutide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with a fatty-acid-acylated backbone and a roughly one-week half-life, marketed for type 2 diabetes and for weight…

470 questions
cardiovascular
cardiovascular

Cardiovascular outcomes: the SELECT major-adverse-event result, SOUL, SUSTAIN 6 and REWIND, how to convert a hazard ratio into an absolute risk…

68 questions
asked by rune_thoresen 16k · 2.2 years ago
40 votes 5 answers38k views
Is STEP 1 a fair comparison of a GLP-1 receptor agonist against its comparator arm?

Setup, so nobody has to ask: STEP 1 · a GLP-1 receptor agonist. This has the shape of a fact but I cannot find its origin. What I found instead were three secondary…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
semaglutide
semaglutide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with a fatty-acid-acylated backbone and a roughly one-week half-life, marketed for type 2 diabetes and for weight…

470 questions
tirzepatide
tirzepatide

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Questions here cover the SURPASS and SURMOUNT programmes, the practical differences from a pure GLP-1…

370 questions
asked by Dr_Malik_Osei 19k · 22 months ago
40 votes5 answers26k views
Is a titration interval of three weeks better supported than four weeks for mazdutide?

The case in front of me: three weeks · mazdutide. This is asserted often enough that I assumed it was established, and then I went looking for the source. I have…

titration
titration

Stepwise dose increases over weeks, why the label schedules exist at all, and what tolerability-driven deviation from a schedule looks like in…

456 questions
dose-escalation
dose-escalation

The decision to move up a step: what evidence supports a four-week interval, what happens when you compress it, and how trial protocols handled…

103 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
mazdutide
mazdutide

A GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist developed primarily in China, with a distinct dose range and a fast-moving publication record.…

237 questions
asked by ten_mg_vial 31k · 2.1 years ago
40 votes 5 answers23k views
How comparable are semaglutide and liraglutide on the evidence available?

For reference: semaglutide · liraglutide. These are treated as interchangeable and I do not think they are. If both are acceptable I would like to know that, so I can…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
semaglutide
semaglutide

A GLP-1 receptor agonist with a fatty-acid-acylated backbone and a roughly one-week half-life, marketed for type 2 diabetes and for weight…

470 questions
tirzepatide
tirzepatide

A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Questions here cover the SURPASS and SURMOUNT programmes, the practical differences from a pure GLP-1…

370 questions
liraglutide
liraglutide

A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist and the compound that established the class. Still relevant for its shorter half-life, its paediatric and…

235 questions
asked by siobhan_deasy 9.5k · 2.3 years ago
40 votes 5 answers18k views
What did SURMOUNT-5 do with participants who could not tolerate a step?

This came up because two published schedules for the same agent differ. I would like to know the limits of what can be inferred from this. What I am trying to avoid…

titration
titration

Stepwise dose increases over weeks, why the label schedules exist at all, and what tolerability-driven deviation from a schedule looks like in…

456 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
gi-side-effects
gi-side-effects

The gastrointestinal cluster as a whole - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, reflux, early satiety - with trial incidence rates, dropout…

162 questions
asked by mira_sundqvist 7.1k · 21 months ago
39 votes5 answers76k views
What does SOUL report at the 25 mg dose level?

Details up front: SOUL · 25 mg. I can parse the result. I am less sure what it licenses me to conclude. I have deliberately not looked at anyone else’s interpretation…

clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
dosing-math
dosing-math

The arithmetic itself: milligrams to millilitres to insulin units, concentration after reconstitution, dose per draw, and vial-days per vial. Show…

764 questions
titration
titration

Stepwise dose increases over weeks, why the label schedules exist at all, and what tolerability-driven deviation from a schedule looks like in…

456 questions
asked by tenth_of_a_unit 57k · 2.2 years ago
39 votes0 answers51k views
Is there evidence that a slower ladder produces the same end result?

I am asking about the protocol logic rather than about my own case specifically. I would like to know whether this claim survives contact with evidence. If the answer…

titration
titration

Stepwise dose increases over weeks, why the label schedules exist at all, and what tolerability-driven deviation from a schedule looks like in…

456 questions
dose-escalation
dose-escalation

The decision to move up a step: what evidence supports a four-week interval, what happens when you compress it, and how trial protocols handled…

103 questions
clinical-trials
clinical-trials

Reading the primary literature properly: estimands, intention-to-treat versus per-protocol, confidence intervals, absolute versus relative…

745 questions
asked by swab_stopper 8.8k · 2.4 years ago
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