Reading a certificate means checking four things before anything else: traceability to your vial, the test date, the analytical method, and the identity of the testing laboratory.
Batch versus lot is a semantic distinction that determines whether one certificate applies to ten vials or to one, and checking this distinction is worth a minute.
The standards that exist in this space — ICH Q3A, Q3B and various pharmacopoeial chapters — are worth reading once even if nothing you test is obliged to meet them.
The caveat is that a certificate is not a guarantee, it is a data point, and treating it as anything else is asking for disappointment.
If you only pay for one test, pay for quantified content. Purity is the number everyone quotes and content is the number that changes what you do.
edited 22 Aug 2026 by bac_or_bust — added the citation requested in comments